The annual World Press Freedom Index, published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) on May 3, highlights a significant escalation in political attacks on press freedom. These include the detention of journalists, suppression of independent media outlets, and the widespread dissemination of misinformation.

Armenia achieved the highest ranking among South Caucasus countries, securing the 43rd position in the World Press Freedom Index. This marks a notable improvement of six places compared to its rank last year.

Armenia’s media landscape reflects a mix of progress and challenges. While independent outlets like Civilnet.am and Azatutyun.am thrive, many others face pressure due to political and commercial affiliations. 

Political polarization mirrors media divisions, with some outlets tied to post-2018 leaders and others to former oligarchs. Armenia's legal framework falls short of European standards despite decriminalizing defamation and enacting transparency laws. Despite recent reforms, challenges persist regarding disinformation and access to state-held information in Armenia. Gag orders remain problematic, and the government's limitations on accessing state-held information,

Economic dependence on political or influential figures hampers media independence, as few adopt subscription models, and advertising markets remain underdeveloped. 

Journalism faces societal disparagement and hate speech, fostering a climate of intolerance and self-censorship. “Anti-media rhetoric from political elites, who accuse journalists of “corruption” and of being in the service of their adversaries, creates a climate of intolerance that hinders reporters’ work,” the report reads. 

Safety concerns persist, exacerbated by border clashes with Azerbaijan and violence from ruling and opposition factions, with impunity for attacks on journalists.